Supply chain
Of 105 recorded supply relations, only 38 are confirmed by the supplier or the customer. The rest are media reports or industry talk, so each row shows its grade.
By supplier country
- China 49 records
- South Korea 28 records
- United States 18 records
- Germany 3 records
- Japan 3 records
- Switzerland 2 records
- Slovenia 1 record
- United Kingdom 1 record
By confidence
- Reported 38 records
- Official 38 records
- Rumor 29 records
By part
Vision & lidar 19 records
Cameras and lidar that see the surroundings and measure distance. The robot's eyes.
| Supplier | Customer | Product | Confidence | Source | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RealSense United States | Dobot | RealSense D455 depth camera | Official | dobot-robots.com | 2026-10 |
| RealSense United States | Leju Robotics | 2 RealSense D405 wrist cameras (MaxA/MaxB) | Official | github.com | 2026-10 |
| Samsung Electro-Mechanics South Korea | Tesla | Camera (sensing) modules for humanoids | Rumor | hankyung.com | 2026-07 |
| SOS Lab South Korea | Boston Dynamics | Lidar | Rumor | v.daum.net | 2026-06 |
| Guangdong Hongjing Optoelectronic Technology China | AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics) | Full vision system for the Yuanzheng (远征) series (interaction, stereo depth and RGB-D cameras) | Reported | news.10jqka.com.cn | 2026-04 |
| LG Innotek South Korea | Boston Dynamics | Vision sensing system and camera modules | Reported | news.mtn.co.kr | 2026-04 |
| LG Innotek South Korea | Tesla | Camera modules | Rumor | lanjinger.com | 2026-04 |
| Hesai Group China | Galbot | JT series lidar | Official | seekingalpha.com | 2026-03 |
| Hesai Group China | MagicLab | JT series lidar | Official | seekingalpha.com | 2026-03 |
| Hesai Group China | Unitree Robotics | JT128 lidar | Official | seekingalpha.com | 2026-03 |
| LG Innotek South Korea | Figure AI | Camera modules for robots | Reported | news.mtn.co.kr | 2026-03 |
| RoboSense China | AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics) | Robotics lidar/sensors (product not specified) | Official | kyodonewsprwire.jp | 2026-03 |
| RoboSense China | EngineAI | Robotics lidar/sensors (product not specified) | Official | kyodonewsprwire.jp | 2026-03 |
| RoboSense China | Galbot | Robotics lidar/sensors (product not specified) | Official | kyodonewsprwire.jp | 2026-03 |
| RoboSense China | Unitree Robotics | Robotics lidar/sensors (product not specified) | Official | kyodonewsprwire.jp | 2026-03 |
| Orbbec China | AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics) | 3D vision sensors | Reported | forbes.com.au | 2026-02 |
| Orbbec China | UBTECH Robotics | 3D vision sensors | Reported | forbes.com.au | 2026-02 |
| Orbbec China | Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid) | 3D vision sensors | Reported | forbes.com.au | 2026-02 |
| Samsung Electro-Mechanics South Korea | Rainbow Robotics | Camera modules for robots | Rumor | dealsite.co.kr | 2025-01 |
AI chip 17 records
The computer that runs physical AI models: seeing, deciding and computing motion.
| Supplier | Customer | Product | Confidence | Source | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NVIDIA United States | 1X Technologies | Jetson Thor (NEO Cortex) | Official | 1x.tech | 2026-10 |
| NVIDIA United States | Booster Robotics | Jetson Thor T5000 (Pro edition) | Official | booster.tech | 2026-10 |
| NVIDIA United States | EngineAI | Jetson Orin NX / AGX Orin | Official | en.engineai.com.cn | 2026-10 |
| NVIDIA United States | Galbot | Jetson AGX Orin 64GB | Official | galbot.com | 2026-10 |
| NVIDIA United States | Humanoid | Jetson Thor | Official | thehumanoid.ai | 2026-10 |
| NVIDIA United States | Mentee Robotics (Mentee by Mobileye) | Jetson AGX Orin ×2 | Reported | interestingengineering.com | 2026-10 |
| Dioo Microcircuits China | Unitree Robotics | Low-power USB3.2 Gen1 redriver chip | Official | news.10jqka.com.cn | 2026-08 |
| Rockchip Electronics China | Unitree Robotics | SoC chip solutions | Reported | news.10jqka.com.cn | 2026-08 |
| D-Robotics China | Leju Robotics | RDK S100 robot development kit | Reported | caixinglobal.com | 2026-03 |
| Qualcomm United States | NEURA Robotics | Dragonwing Robotics IQ10 (reference design) | Reported | techcrunch.com | 2026-03 |
| Qualcomm United States | Booster Robotics | Dragonwing industrial processor | Official | eenewseurope.com | 2026-01 |
| Qualcomm United States | Figure AI | Qualcomm platform (chip not disclosed) | Reported | eenewseurope.com | 2026-01 |
| Qualcomm United States | VinMotion (Motion 2 humanoid, demonstrated at CES 2026) | Dragonwing IQ9 | Official | eenewseurope.com | 2026-01 |
| NVIDIA United States | Agility Robotics | Jetson AGX Thor | Official | storagenewsletter.com | 2025-08 |
| NVIDIA United States | Boston Dynamics | Jetson AGX Thor | Official | storagenewsletter.com | 2025-08 |
| NVIDIA United States | Figure AI | Jetson AGX Thor | Official | storagenewsletter.com | 2025-08 |
| NVIDIA United States | PAL Robotics | Jetson AGX Orin (AI kit) | Official | pal-robotics.com | 2025-07 |
Robot hand 15 records
The hand that grasps and handles objects. More finger joints (degrees of freedom) allow finer work.
| Supplier | Customer | Product | Confidence | Source | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inspire Robots (Beijing Inspire Technology) China | AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics) | Dexterous hand (product not specified) | Reported | inspire-robots.com | 2026-10 |
| Inspire Robots (Beijing Inspire Technology) China | Agility Robotics | Dexterous hand (product not specified) | Reported | inspire-robots.com | 2026-10 |
| Inspire Robots (Beijing Inspire Technology) China | Galbot | Dexterous hand (product not specified) | Reported | inspire-robots.com | 2026-10 |
| Inspire Robots (Beijing Inspire Technology) China | NEURA Robotics | Dexterous hand (product not specified) | Reported | inspire-robots.com | 2026-10 |
| Inspire Robots (Beijing Inspire Technology) China | Noetix Robotics | Dexterous hand (product not specified) | Reported | inspire-robots.com | 2026-10 |
| Inspire Robots (Beijing Inspire Technology) China | Shanghai Humanoid Robotics Innovation Center (OpenLoong) | Dexterous hand (product not specified) | Reported | inspire-robots.com | 2026-10 |
| Inspire Robots (Beijing Inspire Technology) China | UBTECH Robotics | Dexterous hand (product not specified) | Reported | inspire-robots.com | 2026-10 |
| Inspire Robots (Beijing Inspire Technology) China | Unitree Robotics | RH56DFTP/RH56DFQ dexterous hands (H2-specific versions) | Reported | inspire-robots.com | 2026-10 |
| Inspire Robots (Beijing Inspire Technology) China | Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid) | Dexterous hand (product not specified) | Reported | inspire-robots.com | 2026-10 |
| Inspire Robots (Beijing Inspire Technology) China | Xiaomi | Dexterous hand (product not specified) | Reported | inspire-robots.com | 2026-10 |
| Shadow Robot Company United Kingdom | Google DeepMind | DEX-EE robot hand | Official | shadowrobot.com | 2026-10 |
| LG Innotek South Korea | LG Electronics | Five-finger robot hand with tactile sensing and camera sensors (home robot CLOiD) | Reported | inews24.com | 2026-09 |
| Hyundai Mobis South Korea | Boston Dynamics | Atlas hand gripper | Reported | v.daum.net | 2026-06 |
| Shenzhen Zhaowei Machinery & Electronics China | Tesla | Micro drive train for dexterous hands (micro motor + gearbox; 3rd generation: brushless motor + micro screw) | Rumor | sfccn.com | 2026-03 |
| Wonik Robotics South Korea | Meta (FAIR) | Allegro Hand with tactile integration based on Digit Plexus | Official | ai.meta.com | 2024-10 |
Actuator 12 records
A joint module that packs the motor, reducer and sensors together. It works as the robot's muscle.
| Supplier | Customer | Product | Confidence | Source | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Samhyun South Korea | Company announcement (2026-09-21). Undisclosed global humanoid customer, supply to North America from December 2026, value and volume under NDA. Money Today described it as a 'North American humanoid company'. Preceded by a prototype order premised on mass production in 2026-06 | Initial production of AXLON joint actuators (integrated motor, reducer and controller) | Official | finance-scope.com | 2026-09 |
| Sanhua Intelligent Controls China | Tesla | Linear actuators (electromechanical actuators) | Rumor | itiger.com | 2026-09 |
| Ningbo Tuopu Group China | Tesla | Linear and rotary actuators, dexterous hand motors | Rumor | eu.36kr.com | 2026-09 |
| ROBOTIS South Korea | Google DeepMind | DYNAMIXEL servos (ALOHA research platform) | Reported | v.daum.net | 2026-07 |
| Samhyun South Korea | Boston Dynamics | Atlas actuators | Rumor | hankyung.com | 2026-06 |
| HL Mando South Korea | Boston Dynamics | Spot (quadruped) actuators | Reported | hankyung.com | 2026-05 |
| HL Mando South Korea | Tesla | Actuators for humanoids (aimed at 4th-generation Optimus) | Rumor | hankyung.com | 2026-05 |
| Schaeffler Germany | Humanoid | Joint actuators (preferred supplier, over 50% of demand for the wheeled platform) | Official | thehumanoid.ai | 2026-05 |
| Hyundai Mobis South Korea | Boston Dynamics | Production joint actuators for Atlas | Official | en.prnasia.com | 2026-01 |
| Ningbo Zhenyu Technology China | Tesla | Linear actuators (inverted planetary roller screw) | Rumor | humanoid.guide | 2026 |
| Schaeffler Germany | NEURA Robotics | Co-development and supply of planetary-gear joint actuators (up to 250Nm) | Official | robotics247.com | 2025-11 |
| ROBOTIS South Korea | Tesla | DYNAMIXEL servos (Optimus prototype) | Rumor | v.daum.net | 2025-03 |
Other 9 records
Assembles robots from parts or builds them under contract.
| Supplier | Customer | Product | Confidence | Source | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shenzhen Everwin Precision (Changying) China | Tesla | Precision parts for dexterous hands, joints and drives; full assembly | Rumor | eu.36kr.com | 2026-09 |
| Ningbo Xusheng Group China | Tesla | Joint housings and torso/skeleton structural parts | Rumor | eu.36kr.com | 2026-09 |
| Hwashin Jeonggong South Korea | Boston Dynamics | Lightweight aluminum leg frames, joint structures and body modules | Rumor | hankyung.com | 2026-06 |
| Seoyon E-Hwa South Korea | Boston Dynamics | Atlas exterior parts | Rumor | hankyung.com | 2026-06 |
| SL Corporation South Korea | Boston Dynamics | Atlas headlamps | Rumor | hankyung.com | 2026-06 |
| Sungwoo Hitech South Korea | Boston Dynamics | Atlas outer covers (cases) | Rumor | hankyung.com | 2026-06 |
| Bosch Germany | Humanoid | Contract manufacturing of HMND 01 in Europe (DfX and supply chain support) | Official | therobotreport.com | 2026-05 |
| Lens Technology China | Customer not disclosed: on 2026-01-14 the company said it had become a 'tier-1 core supplier to a leading North American robot customer' and that its head module had passed customer certification. Tesla was not named. | Head module, joint modules, dexterous hand, body shell and full assembly | Official | eu.36kr.com | 2026-01 |
| Jabil United States | Apptronik | Global contract manufacturing of Apollo | Official | s27.q4cdn.com | 2025-02 |
Battery 7 records
The power pack inside the torso. Its capacity sets how long the robot can work on one charge.
| Supplier | Customer | Product | Confidence | Source | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LG Energy Solution South Korea | LG Electronics | Robot batteries (home robot CLOiD) | Reported | v.daum.net | 2026-09 |
| Jiangsu Azure Corporation China | Unitree Robotics | Lithium cells (subsidiary Tianpeng Power) | Official | news.10jqka.com.cn | 2026-08 |
| LG Energy Solution South Korea | Figure AI | Batteries for humanoids | Rumor | v.daum.net | 2026-07 |
| LG Energy Solution South Korea | Unitree Robotics | Batteries for humanoids | Rumor | v.daum.net | 2026-07 |
| LG Energy Solution South Korea | Boston Dynamics | 46-series cylindrical NCM battery cells | Reported | koreajoongangdaily.com | 2026-02 |
| LG Energy Solution South Korea | Tesla | Cylindrical battery cells | Reported | koreajoongangdaily.com | 2026-02 |
| Samsung SDI South Korea | MOU with Hyundai Motor and Kia to co-develop robot-specific batteries. Supplies batteries for Hyundai's MobED | Joint development of robot-specific batteries | Reported | koreatimes.co.kr | 2026-02 |
Roller screw 7 records
Turns rotation into straight-line motion to push and pull knees and elbows. Good at holding heavy loads.
| Supplier | Customer | Product | Confidence | Source | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSA (Rollvis) Switzerland | Tesla | Planetary roller screw (Rollvis) | Reported | humanoid.guide | 2026-09 |
| Hangzhou Xinjian Transmission China | Tesla | Planetary roller screw | Rumor | eu.36kr.com | 2026-09 |
| Shanghai Beite Technology China | Tesla | Planetary roller screw | Rumor | eu.36kr.com | 2026-03 |
| Jiangsu Hengli Hydraulic China | Tesla | Precision screws / linear drives | Rumor | eu.36kr.com | 2026-03 |
| Zhejiang Rongtai Electric Material China | Tesla | Ball/planetary roller screws (subsidiary 迪子精密) | Rumor | sfccn.com | 2026-03 |
| Zhejiang XCC Group (Wuzhou Xinchun) China | Tesla | Inverted planetary roller screw | Rumor | sfccn.com | 2026-03 |
| Zhejiang XCC Group (Wuzhou Xinchun) China | Hangzhou Xinjian Transmission | Bearings and precision machining for roller screws | Official | eu.36kr.com | 2025-03 |
Reducer 7 records
Turns a motor's fast rotation into slower but stronger motion. Harmonic and planetary reducers are the common types.
| Supplier | Customer | Product | Confidence | Source | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Harmonic Drive Systems Japan | Tesla | Harmonic reducer | Reported | humanoid.guide | 2026-09 |
| Leaderdrive (Leader Harmonious Drive Systems) China | AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics) | Harmonic reducer | Reported | eu.36kr.com | 2026-09 |
| Leaderdrive (Leader Harmonious Drive Systems) China | Tesla | Harmonic reducer | Rumor | huxiu.com | 2026-09 |
| Leaderdrive (Leader Harmonious Drive Systems) China | UBTECH Robotics | Harmonic reducer | Reported | eu.36kr.com | 2026-09 |
| Leaderdrive (Leader Harmonious Drive Systems) China | Unitree Robotics | Upper-limb (上肢) harmonic reducers | Reported | eu.36kr.com | 2026-09 |
| SBB Tech South Korea | Customer withheld in the disclosure for confidentiality; contract period to 2028-04-29 | Precision reducers for humanoid robots (about 1.2 billion won) | Reported | stockhub.kr | 2026-05 |
| Leaderdrive (Leader Harmonious Drive Systems) China | Sanhua Intelligent Controls | Harmonic reducers (joint venture at Sanhua's Mexico industrial park) | Official | eu.36kr.com | 2023-04 |
Tactile sensor 4 records
Lets fingertips and palms feel pressure and slip, so the robot can hold fragile objects.
| Supplier | Customer | Product | Confidence | Source | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanwei Electronics Group China | Unitree Robotics | Flexible tactile sensor (subsidiary Suzhou Nengsida) | Rumor | news.10jqka.com.cn | 2026-08 |
| XELA Robotics Japan | Tesollo | uSkin tactile sensors integrated into DG-5F | Official | iconnect007.com | 2025-12 |
| XELA Robotics Japan | Wonik Robotics | uSkin tactile sensor integration | Official | iconnect007.com | 2025-12 |
| GelSight United States | Meta (FAIR) | Digit 360 fingertip tactile sensor (production and sales) | Official | ai.meta.com | 2024-10 |
Force/torque sensor 3 records
Measures force and twist at the wrist or ankle to prevent falls and control force.
| Supplier | Customer | Product | Confidence | Source | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Keli Sensing Technology (Ningbo) China | Unitree Robotics | 6-axis force sensor | Reported | eu.36kr.com | 2026-06 |
| Keli Sensing Technology (Ningbo) China | Tesla | 6-axis force/torque sensor | Rumor | humanoid.guide | 2026 |
| AIDIN ROBOTICS South Korea | Rainbow Robotics | Force/torque sensor | Reported | heraldk.com | 2025-11 |
Motor 3 records
The power source that makes torque from electricity. Frameless motors drive joints and small motors drive fingers.
| Supplier | Customer | Product | Confidence | Source | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| maxon Switzerland | Pollen Robotics Reachy 2 (maxon motors documented inside the Orbita joints) | Motors for Orbita joints | Official | humanoid.guide | 2026-09 |
| Wolong Electric Group China | Unitree Robotics | Robot drives (joint lab) | Rumor | news.10jqka.com.cn | 2026-08 |
| Wolong Electric Group China | Tesla | Motors | Rumor | eu.36kr.com | 2026-03 |
Bearing 1 record
Reduces friction so joints turn smoothly.
| Supplier | Customer | Product | Confidence | Source | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhejiang Changsheng Sliding Bearings China | Unitree Robotics | Self-lubricating bearings for robot joints | Official | news.10jqka.com.cn | 2026-01 |
Encoder 1 record
Measures exactly how far a joint has turned and reports it to the controller.
| Supplier | Customer | Product | Confidence | Source | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RLS Slovenia | PAL Robotics | Magnetic encoders | Reported | humanoid.guide | 2026-09 |